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&lt;br /&gt; Efficient Feeding&lt;br /&gt; &copy; DeLaval 2001&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, in any form or&lt;br /&gt; by any means, without the permission from the publisher. DeLaval, ALPRO,&lt;br /&gt; Feedtech and Harmony are trademarks of the DeLaval Group.&lt;br /&gt; List of contents&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; I. Introduction ................................................................................. 2&lt;br /&gt; II. Basic physiology ......................................................................... 3&lt;br /&gt; &ndash; Physiology of the cow ................................................................... 3&lt;br /&gt; &ndash; Passage of feedstuffs in the digestion channel .............................. 3&lt;br /&gt; III. Nutrition ....................................................................................... 7&lt;br /&gt; &n<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 1" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=1">Efficient Feeding</a> Efficient Feeding<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 2" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=2">&copy; DeLaval 2001All rights reserved. No part of t</a> &copy; DeLaval 2001All rights reserved. No part of t<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 3" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=3">List of contentsI. Introduction ..........</a> List of contentsI. Introduction ..........<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 4" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=4">I. IntroductionFeeds and feeding strategies b</a> I. IntroductionFeeds and feeding strategies b<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 5" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=5">II. Basic physiologyPhysiology of the cowThe </a> II. Basic physiologyPhysiology of the cowThe <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 6" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=6">Why is rumination so important?1. Mastication. T</a> Why is rumination so important?1. Mastication. T<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 7" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=7">The rumen convulses once every minute. The convul</a> The rumen convulses once every minute. The convul<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 8" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=8">Figure 5.Digestion system.From Cullison &amp; Lowry</a> Figure 5.Digestion system.From Cullison &amp; Lowry<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 9" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=9">Energy supplyEnergy is measured in Mega Joules (</a> Energy supplyEnergy is measured in Mega Joules (<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 10" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=10">Figure 7.Starch is a carbohydratethat can be di</a> Figure 7.Starch is a carbohydratethat can be di<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 11" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=11">FermentationSugarStarchCellulose </a> FermentationSugarStarchCellulose <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 12" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=12">Carbohydrates are fermented in the rumen and tran</a> Carbohydrates are fermented in the rumen and tran<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 13" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=13">Carbo-hydratesCrudeproteinFat Mi</a> Carbo-hydratesCrudeproteinFat Mi<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 14" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=14">Other nutrients Other nutrients</a> Other nutrients Other nutrients<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 15" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=15">The fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the fat an</a> The fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the fat an<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 16" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=16">IV. FeedstuffsRoughageFigur</a> IV. FeedstuffsRoughageFigur<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 17" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=17">Milk yield from Alfalfa of different maturityYie</a> Milk yield from Alfalfa of different maturityYie<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 18" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=18">A successful silage programme requires considerat</a> A successful silage programme requires considerat<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 19" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=19">emphasises the importance of a sufficient sugar s</a> emphasises the importance of a sufficient sugar s<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 20" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=20">AcidsWhen applied uniformly throughout the crop,</a> AcidsWhen applied uniformly throughout the crop,<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 21" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=21">Grass should be cut, if possible, using precision</a> Grass should be cut, if possible, using precision<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 22" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=22">PasturePasture is utilised in many different way</a> PasturePasture is utilised in many different way<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 23" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=23">A more controlled form of grazing provides the fa</a> A more controlled form of grazing provides the fa<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 24" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=24">Field beans and peasField beans, lupins and peas</a> Field beans and peasField beans, lupins and peas<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 25" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=25">V. Practical feedingFeeding calvesThe colostr</a> V. Practical feedingFeeding calvesThe colostr<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 26" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=26">Feeding heifersFigure 21.</a> Feeding heifersFigure 21.<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 27" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=27">Feeding dairy cows </a> Feeding dairy cows <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 28" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=28">C. The level of feeding should not be too high du</a> C. The level of feeding should not be too high du<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 29" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=29">men. To meet the protein requirement, the amount </a> men. To meet the protein requirement, the amount <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 30" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=30">Displaced abomasumsCows that are incorrectly fed</a> Displaced abomasumsCows that are incorrectly fed<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 31" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=31">VI. Feeding systems and strategiesStrategies </a> VI. Feeding systems and strategiesStrategies <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 32" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=32">Figure 24.Phase feeding, where thefeed for high</a> Figure 24.Phase feeding, where thefeed for high<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 33" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=33">Feeding systemsThe dominant feeding systems for </a> Feeding systemsThe dominant feeding systems for <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 34" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=34">Table 4.Advantages and disad-vantages of feedin</a> Table 4.Advantages and disad-vantages of feedin<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 35" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=35">Precision improves as the number of different gro</a> Precision improves as the number of different gro<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 36" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=36">VII. EconomyExpenses in milkproduction</a> VII. EconomyExpenses in milkproduction<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 37" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=37">The margin per cow of &ldquo;milk minus feed&rdquo; generally</a> The margin per cow of &ldquo;milk minus feed&rdquo; generally<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 38" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=38">Table 6.Annualmarginover totalfeed cost(CHF)</a> Table 6.Annualmarginover totalfeed cost(CHF)<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 39" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=39">When the costs of recruitment, AI, vet, electrici</a> When the costs of recruitment, AI, vet, electrici<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 40" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=40">VIII. Nutrient requirementsThe values in the </a> VIII. Nutrient requirementsThe values in the <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 41" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=41">Dry matter intake (DMI)Dry matter intake is one </a> Dry matter intake (DMI)Dry matter intake is one <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 42" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=42">IX. ProductsALPRO &reg; herdmanagement system</a> IX. ProductsALPRO &reg; herdmanagement system<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 43" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=43">In figure 30 below you can see the different comp</a> In figure 30 below you can see the different comp<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 44" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=44">One of the major advantages of ALPRO&reg; is its flex</a> One of the major advantages of ALPRO&reg; is its flex<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 45" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=45">ALPRO&reg; feeding functionsThe philosophy at DeLava</a> ALPRO&reg; feeding functionsThe philosophy at DeLava<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 46" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=46">Figure 30.Continuous feed qualifica-tion.An e</a> Figure 30.Continuous feed qualifica-tion.An e<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 47" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=47">In-parlour feedingDispensers can be connected to</a> In-parlour feedingDispensers can be connected to<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 48" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=48">All feed wagons can be delivered for use with a s</a> All feed wagons can be delivered for use with a s<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 49" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=49">The calf feeder saves both milk and labour. With </a> The calf feeder saves both milk and labour. With <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 50" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=50">Mixer wagonsFigure 37.DeLaval mixer wagonsDe</a> Mixer wagonsFigure 37.DeLaval mixer wagonsDe<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 51" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=51">For stanchion barns, the milk yield indicator wil</a> For stanchion barns, the milk yield indicator wil<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 52" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=52">Figure 40. </a> Figure 40. <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 53" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=53">Vitaid ElectrolyteIf a calf gets diarrhoea it sh</a> Vitaid ElectrolyteIf a calf gets diarrhoea it sh<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 54" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=54">EnzymesThe enzymes specifically incorporated int</a> EnzymesThe enzymes specifically incorporated int<a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 55" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=55">ReferencesAllen, W.M., Little, W., Manston, R. </a> ReferencesAllen, W.M., Little, W., Manston, R. <a title="Efficient Feeding booklet page 56" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/15fd1b63?page=56">www.delaval.com</a> www.delaval.com