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<br /> www.tiretechnologyinternational.com<br /> 2015<br /> The Annual Review of Tire Materials and Tire Manufacturing Technology<br /> <br /> CONTENTS<br /> 5 Foreword<br /> Roger Williams, associate editor and former head of research, Dunlop, UK<br /> SECTION 1: DESIGN, MATERIALS,<br /> TESTING AND FUTURE POSSIBILITIES<br /> 10 Aircraft tire model<br /> C Bastien, H Guo and M Blundell, Coventry University, UK<br /> A methodology to optimize the mass of an aircraft tire through FEA modeling<br /> 14 Objective tire design<br /> Paolo Gavardi and Daniel Pugliese, Pirelli, Italy<br /> Why the traditional approach to objectifying tire performance is not sustainable<br /> 22 Contact patch deformation<br /> Arto Niskanen and Ari Tuononen, Aalto University, Finland<br /> A study focusing on contact patch deformation in hydroplaning through analysis<br /> using tire accelerometers<br /> 26 Visualization of airflow in tires<br /> Kazuhiro Sakakibara, Toyo Tire & Rub<a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 1" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=1"> www.tiretechnologyinternational.com 2015 </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 2" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=2"> </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 3" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=3"> CONTENTS 5 Foreword Roger Williams, associate </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 4" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=4"> 80 New grades of rubber Thomas Rünzi, Heike Klop</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 5" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=5"> ccele a e rt A 6cm 10cm 11 is tops </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 6" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=6"> The AGILON® Silica Advantage: Better Performance.</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 7" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=7"> Foreword The beginning of the end? by Roger Will</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 8" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=8"> For example, even with recent reductions in road </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 9" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=9"> EXCELLENT DYNAMICS ENERGIZED BY Buna® Nd EZ is </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 10" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=10"> CIRCOSOL®8000 EU HollyFrontier’s Clean oil™ For</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 11" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=11"> Section 1 Design, materials, testing and future p</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 12" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=12"> Aircraft tire model A methodology to optimize the</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 13" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=13"> 2 model configuration each time, then finding t</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 14" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=14"> well as maximizing the tire load and at the same </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 15" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=15"> EUROPE’S LEADING INTERNATIONAL TIRE DESIGN AND</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 16" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=16"> Objective tire design Why the traditional approac</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 17" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=17"> 2 is widely used for tire modeling in reference</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 18" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=18"> LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR ADVERTISERS NOW! FREE SER</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 19" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=19"> OBJECTIVE KPIs On-center behavior This deals wit</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 20" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=20"> To completely characterize a tire, 30-50 simulati</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 21" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=21"> EUROPE’S LEADING INTERNATIONAL TIRE DESIGN AND</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 22" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=22"> EUROPE’S LEADING INTERNATIONAL TIRE DESIGN AND TI</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 23" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=23"> 16, 17, 18 FEBRUARY 2016 DEUTSCHE MESSE, HANOVER,</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 24" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=24"> Contact patch deformation A study conducted at Aa</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 25" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=25"> 2,000 frames per second. During a measurement run</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 26" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=26"> 5 water and tire-road contact. In the first sect</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 27" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=27"> Total conveyance solutions for maximum economic v</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 28" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=28"> Visualization of airflow in tires Toyo is reducin</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 29" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=29"> generated in the contact patch of the tire. The c</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 30" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=30"> 5 6 7 Figure 5: Perforated panel mechanism Figur</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 31" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=31"> Solutions For your tire component prep needs As</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 32" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=32"> Abrasion mechanisms An investigation of rubber ab</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 33" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=33"> 3 4 applied on the blade to be measured. After </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 34" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=34"> 7 8 state. For the other two materials, SBR/BR8</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 35" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=35"> 10 obviously two abrasion mechanisms during the </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 36" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=36"> Truck tire coast-by noise Identifying a quantitat</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 37" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=37"> 3 4a 4b 4c switched off before the test vehic</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 38" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=38"> Matthews Marking Systems: Your Trusted Supplier f</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 39" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=39"> Table 1: Quantitative relationship between the SP</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 40" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=40"> comparison. As shown in Table 3, the correlation </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 41" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=41"> Pure Performance for your rubber applications R</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 42" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=42"> Rubber blend properties A study focused on loss t</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 43" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=43"> 1 2 were mixed and finalized in a Polylab inter</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 44" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=44"> SUPERIOR PRODUCTS, SUPERIOR BONDING RESORCI</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 45" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=45"> 3 the time-temperature superposition principle,</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 46" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=46"> 6 phase changes with increased carbon black loa</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 47" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=47"> PAR NAP MES TDAE RAE Negozone® Wax Industry </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 48" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=48"> Friction characterization Texture empirical decom</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 49" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=49"> A G0 </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 50" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=50"> 5 6 that the relationship between the two param</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 51" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=51"> Highway Administration, Washing</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 52" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=52"> Fatigue crack propagation Investigating the effec</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 53" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=53"> influence of the thermal aging), two standardized</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 54" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=54"> bdominant </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 55" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=55"> density is higher), due to the lack of antioxidan</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 56" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=56"> 6 840 hours of aging. As for room temperature me</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 57" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=57"> www.barbegroup.com High-performance auxiliary </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 58" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=58"> Sidewall optimization Silica morphology and funct</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 59" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=59"> 3 4 Experimental The model sidewall formulation</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 60" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=60"> Tire Measurements fast • contactless • highly pre</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 61" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=61"> 5 6 conventional silica and in situ silane cont</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 62" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=62"> 7 8 the Agilon 400G-D performance silica compoun</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 63" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=63"> What if your tire plant… Ran at full capacity 100</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 64" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=64"> Truck tire compound processing With the correct a</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 65" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=65"> RPA strain sweep 100°C/0.1Hz Modulus G’ (kPa) 4</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 66" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=66"> the case of Struktol HT 276, relative to respecti</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 67" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=67"> </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 68" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=68"> Avoiding ozone cracks Hansen & Rosenthal has inve</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 69" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=69"> CI </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 70" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=70"> The first is temperature – the higher the t</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 71" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=71"> LEARN MORE ABOUT OUR ADVERTISERS NOW! FREE SER</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 72" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=72"> Rubber functionalization Studies in the functiona</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 73" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=73"> Freshly prepared ELMWNR was dissolved in ch</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 74" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=74"> P ERFORMANCE Ergon's HyPrene Process Oils have be</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 75" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=75"> Conc. of nitrobenzene (% DRC of latex) 0.5% DRC </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 76" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=76"> respectively. The likely reasons for this observa</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 77" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=77"> </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 78" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=78"> Processability of Hevea and guayule compounds A c</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 79" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=79"> Table 4: Recipe C – tire apex Component C1 C2 C3 </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 80" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=80"> Figure 1: Effect of filler type on compound viscos</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 81" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=81"> 7 8 9 10 and the guayule compounds had significan</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 82" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=82"> New grades of rubber Lanxess has developed its ne</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 83" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=83"> 2 consisted of 70 parts polybutadiene, 30 part</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 84" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=84"> 4 5 6 Table 5: Butadiene rubber/solution styren</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 85" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=85"> </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 86" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=86"> Hydrocarbon resins in rubber compounds Measuring </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 87" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=87"> blend does not assume a single phase, but implies</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 88" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=88"> again ∆Tg values increase with resin aromaticity.</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 89" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=89"> www.kraussmaffeiberstorff.com The new 4-roll</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 90" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=90"> Guayule research initiative The objectives, oppor</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 91" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=91"> The challenge related to raw materials defi</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 92" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=92"> World War II: “The destruction of the rubber prog</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 93" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=93"> INTELLIGENT MATERIAL TESTING EPLEXO</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 94" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=94"> Reducing innerliner thickness The effect of high </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 95" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=95"> is also made to evaluate the effects of these par</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 96" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=96"> Property IIR-T30 Sample Barrier properties Lightn</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 97" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=97"> Property IIR/ENR-T30 Sample Barrier properties Li</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 98" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=98"> Carbon black alternative Optimizing the reaction </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 99" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=99"> the raw rubber and kaolin, the other ingredients </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 100" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=100"> MAKROchem, the first-choice CARBON BLACK partner </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 101" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=101"> 4 least 24 hours before their viscosity and cur</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 102" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=102"> Table 2: Mooney viscosity, ODR test results at 16</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 103" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=103"> A B C D E F G A SILICA ADDITIVES TH</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 104" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=104"> Nanotechnology for tire innerliner materials An i</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 105" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=105"> 2a 2c 2b 2d 2e batch it was kept aro</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 106" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=106"> 4a 4b 4c 5 nanocomposites. Higher do</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 107" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=107"> has a positive impact on BIIR-CO composites by dr</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 108" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=108"> Sustainable reinforcement Research shows that bio</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 109" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=109"> Hot air shrinkage (%) 12 </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 110" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=110"> </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 111" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=111"> Habasit Belting Solutions for the Tire Industry </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 112" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=112"> Blending of carbon black A study focused on the p</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 113" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=113"> interest from several tire producers and is now b</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 114" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=114"> }Exactly Tough application, ingenious solution In</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 115" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=115"> composition, as a first stage of modification of </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 116" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=116"> of those CBs (most likely with no need to further</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 117" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=117"> › All the latest news ‹ </a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 118" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=118"> ADVERTISING FEATURE High force DMTA unlimite</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 119" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=119"> ADVERTISING FEATURE 2 3a lo</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 120" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=120"> ADVERTISING FEATURE MPAS3 assembly with c</a> <a title="Tire Technology International - Annual Review 2015 page 121" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/4e17caa8?page=121"> Free hair cut - for lifetime. 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