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THE ENERGY OF<br />
HURRICANES<br />
Hurricanes can be thought of, to a first approximation, as a heat engine;<br />
obtaining its heat input from the warm, humid air over the tropical ocean, and<br />
releasing this heat through the condensation of water vapor into water droplets<br />
in deep thunderstorms of the eyewall and rainbands, then giving off a cold<br />
exhaust in the upper levels of the troposphere (~12 km/8 mi up).<br />
By Vincent Gray, Science Editor<br />
A<br />
most interesting calculation of the energy released by<br />
hurricanes was published as a “Frequently Asked Question”<br />
at http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/D7.html<br />
Subject: D7) How much energy does a hurricane release?<br />
Contributed by Chris Landsea<br />
One can look at the energetics of a hurricane in tw<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 1" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=1"> Print Post Approved PP411213/00026 '113# $C</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 2" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=2"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 3" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=3"> 2&" THE ENERGY OF HURRICANES Hurricanes can b</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 4" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=4"> 2&" CONTENTS – ISSUE 1 · 2013 THE ENERGY OF HU</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 5" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=5"> 2&" Measuring 3-Phase Transformer Winding Re</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 6" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=6"> 2&" EECON NSW CONFERENCE & TRADE EXHIBITON 2013 </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 7" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=7"> EESA [ELECTRIC ENERGY SOCIETY OF AUSTRALIA] PRESE</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 8" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=8"> 2&" THE BRITISH ICON OF THE ELECTRICAL INDUSTRY </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 9" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=9"> 2&" Resin jointin</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 10" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=10"> 2&" 330KV DISCONNECTOR Recently PLP Australia </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 11" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=11"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 12" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=12"> 2&" PREDICTIVE MAINTENANCE OF HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIP</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 13" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=13"> Daytime corona cameras enable pinpointing sources</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 14" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=14"> 2&" WHOLE OF LIFE ASSET MANAGEMENT A comprehen</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 15" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=15"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 16" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=16"> Coming Next Issue! The `Yellow Pages' </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 17" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=17"> 16 - 17 APRIL 2013 Sydney Convention & Exhibit</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 18" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=18"> WORLD-CLASS EXHIBITION Held alongside the confere</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 19" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=19"> TechCon® Asia-Pacific 2013 Program DAY 1 : TU</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 20" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=20"> ABB Switzerland Ltd BOOTH 5 High Voltage Componen</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 21" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=21"> 20,000 employees over 90 manufacturing a</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 22" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=22"> Cargill BOOTH 9 C David Bingenheimer T +1 2</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 23" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=23"> CONFERENCE EXHIBITORS Enviro-Tronics B</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 24" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=24"> BOOTH 30 SHIELDED SOLID INSULATION SYSTEM Wh</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 25" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=25"> Because a reliable network depends on safe, flexi</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 26" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=26"> BOOTH 20 HUMIDITY AND TEMPERATURE TRANSMITTER</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 27" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=27"> BOOTH 21 EXTENDED TESTING BENEFITS WITH THE C</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 28" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=28"> BOOTH …21 Continued from page 25 During normal</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 29" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=29"> APPLICATION EXAMPLES Basically, a four-wire meas</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 30" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=30"> BOOTH …21 Continued from page 27 MULTI-RATIO C</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 31" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=31"> Picture: www.omicron.at/paintings 5FDI$PO8PSLTIP</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 32" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=32"> BOOTH 21 Continued from page 28 CTA QUICK TEST</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 33" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=33"> BOOTH 14 Figure 21 Transi</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 34" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=34"> CONFERENCE EXHIBITORS LORD Power Equipm</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 35" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=35"> CONFERENCE EXHIBITORS OMICRON is an internat</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 36" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=36"> BOOTH 9 NATURAL ESTERS REDEFINING TRANSFORMER</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 37" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=37"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 38" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=38"> BOOTH 2 PARTIAL DISCHARGE SIGNALS SWITCHGEAR'</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 39" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=39"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 40" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=40"> BOOTH 2 Continued from page 36 number of sub</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 41" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=41"> SAFETY OBJECTIVE MET ESB Networks were completely</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 42" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=42"> BOOTH 1 MEASURING 3-PHASE TRANSFORMER WINDING</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 43" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=43"> BOOTH … CURRENT MONITORING CHANNEL A current m</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 44" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=44"> BOOTH 25 FAULT LOCATION AND SYSTEM RESTORATIO</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 45" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=45"> WHEN NOTHING SHORT OF TOTAL CONTROL WILL DO. Com</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 46" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=46"> BOOTH …25 Continued from page 42 BENEFIT OF GR</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 47" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=47"> Table 2 gives results from a 140km circuit in ESK</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 48" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=48"> BOOTH 15 PREVENTATIVE MAINTENANCE OF TRANSFOR</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 49" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=49"> 2&" </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 50" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=50"> layers of insulated semi conductive material and </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 51" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=51"> BOOTH 16 REDUCING TRANSFORMER OUTAGES WITH MO</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 52" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=52"> Schneider Electric (Australia) Pty Ltd BOOTH 30 7</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 53" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=53"> BOOTH 4 DIGITAL WINDING RESISTANCE METER A w</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 54" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=54"> BOOTH …18 DESIGN, MANUFACTURE AND OPERATION O</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 55" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=55"> The Northwold No.1 and Downham Market teed </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 56" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=56"> Transformer Filtration Systems Pty Ltd BOOTH 27 P</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 57" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=57"> CONFERENCE EXHIBITORS Toda</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 58" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=58"> 2&" FREE TRAINING SEMINARS Pacific Test Equ</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 59" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=59"> 2&" RIVER CONTROL PROGRAM PREVENTS BILLIONS</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 60" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=60"> 2&" CURRENT INTERRUPTION WITH HIGH VOLTAGE </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 61" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=61"> 2&" JUST JOINTERS Cable Jointing Specia</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 62" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=62"> 2&" Continued from page 59 of power input </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 63" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=63"> $OH[DQGHU6WUHHW &URZV1HVW16: 3 ) ( </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 64" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=64"> 2&" </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 65" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=65"> TRANSFORMERS2&" MOISTURE IN TRANSFORMERS There </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 66" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=66"> 2&" TRANSFORMERS Continued from page 63 MOISTU</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 67" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=67"> The test results display a group of measur</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 68" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=68"> 2&" TRANSFORMERS CAST RESIN & DRY TYPE TRANSF</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 69" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=69"> 3RUWDEOH6ZLWFKURRPV 6XE6WDWLRQV %XQGHG.L</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 70" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=70"> 2&" TRANSFORMERS DETECTING AND ADDRESSING COR</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 71" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=71"> 2&" 5. The flask is quickly sealed and then </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 72" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=72"> 12th Annual NationalSCADA Conference 26-27 Ma</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 73" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=73"> 2&" HIGH COSTS, UNCERTAIN RETURNS CURB INVE</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 74" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=74"> 2&" CONFESSIONS OF A CLIMATE SCEPTIC During the</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 75" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=75"> </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 76" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=76"> 2&" Continued from page 72 VALIDATION OF CLIM</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 77" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=77"> 2" Register on-line at www.powertrans.</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 78" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=78"> 2&" SAFETY IN ELECTRICITY ULTRA-FAST ARC-FAUL</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 79" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=79"> A perfect fit for your switchgear needs? Def</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 80" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=80"> 2&" SAFETY IN ELECTRICITY Continued from page 7</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 81" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=81"> SAFETY CONTROL & INSTRUMENTED </a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 82" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=82"> 2&" SAFETY IN ELECTRICITY COMPANY FINED $65,0</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 83" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=83"> 2&" DETECTING SF6 LEAKS The soaring price of S</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 84" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=84"> 2&" SAFETY IN ELECTRICITY SAFETY STANDARDS ON</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 85" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=85"> work on electrical installations. To this e</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 86" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=86"> MSS Power – Leaders in Arc Flash %XTREME3AFETYHA</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 87" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=87"> The Industry Experts in Arc Flash Protection Hood</a>
<a title="Transmission & Distribution 1 page 88" href="http://viewer.zmags.com/publication/68747226?page=88"> Insulating oil to keep your transformer going. We</a>